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1.
ABCD (São Paulo, Online) ; 36: e1746, 2023. graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1513509

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: After validation in multiple types of liver disease patients, the MELD score was adopted as a standard by which liver transplant candidates with end-stage liver disease were prioritized for organ allocation in the United States since 2002, and in Brazil, since 2006. AIMS: To analyze the mortality profile of patients on the liver transplant waiting list correlated to MELD score at the moment of transplantation. METHODS: This study used the data from the Secretary of Health of the São Paulo State, Brazil, which listed 22,522 patients, from 2006 (when MELD score was introduced in Brazil) until June 2009. Patients with acute hepatic failure and tumors were included as well. We also considered the mortality of both non-transplanted and transplanted patients as a function of the MELD score at presentation. RESULTS: Our model showed that the best MELD score for patients on the liver transplant waiting list associated to better results after liver transplantation was 26. CONCLUSIONS: We found that the best score for applying to liver transplant waiting list in the State of São Paulo was 26. This is the score that minimizes the mortality in both non-transplanted and liver transplanted patients.


RESUMO RACIONAL: Desde 2002, após validação em múltiplos tipos de hepatopatias, o escore MELD foi adotado como padrão pelo qual os candidatos a transplante de fígado com doença hepática terminal têm sido priorizados para alocação de órgãos nos Estados Unidos, e em 2006 no Brasil. OBJETIVOS: Analisar a mortalidade de pacientes em lista de espera para transplante de fígado correlacionando com o MELD, no momento do transplante. MÉTODOS: Foram utilizados os dados da Secretaria de Saúde do Estado de São Paulo, Brasil, onde foram listados 22.522 pacientes, desde 2006 (quando o escore MELD foi introduzido no Brasil) até junho de 2009. Foram incluídos pacientes com falência hepática e tumores. A mortalidade de pacientes não transplantados e transplantados também foi considerada em função do escore MELD. RESULTADOS: Nosso modelo mostrou que o melhor valor do MELD, em pacientes em lista de espera para transplante e com melhores resultados, foi de 26. Este valor minimiza mortalidade em pacientes não transplantados bem comem pacientes na lista de espera para transplante de fígado. CONCLUSÕES: O escore MELD ótimo para entrar na lista de espera para transplante de fígado, no estado de São Paulo, é em torno de 26. Esse é o valor que minimiza a mortalidade tanto dos pacientes não transplantados em lista de espera, quanto dos submetidos à transplante de fígado.

2.
Acta cir. bras ; 38: e386023, 2023. graf, ilus
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1527584

ABSTRACT

Purpose: After partial hepatectomy (PH), the remaining liver (RL) undergoes regenerative response proportional to the host. Limited literature exists on hepatic viability after tissue injury during hypothermic preservation. Spectroscopy measures cellular fluorescence and is explored for tissue characterization and parameter investigation. This study aimed to assess fluorescence analysis (spectroscopy) in evaluating liver viability and its relationship with hepatic tissue regeneration 24 hours after PH. Additionally, we analyzed liver regeneration in RL after 70% partial hepatectomy under hypothermic conditions with laser irradiation. Methods: Fifty-six Wistar rats were divided into four groups: total non-perfused liver (control), total perfused liver, partial hepatectomy "in situ", and partial hepatectomy "ex situ". Tissue analysis was performed at 0 and 24 hours using spectroscopy with laser devices emitting at 532 (green) and 405 nm (violet). Results: Spectroscopy identified tissue viability based on consistent results with Ki67 staining. The fluorescence spectra and Ki67 analysis displayed similar patterns, linking proliferative activity and absorption intensity. Conclusions: Fluorescence spectroscopy proves to be promising for real-time analysis of cellular activity and viability. Metabolic activity was observed in groups of live animals and hypothermically preserved samples, indicating cellular function even under blood deprivation and hypothermic conditions.


Subject(s)
Animals , Rats , Spectrometry, Fluorescence , Ischemia , Lasers , Liver/injuries
4.
ABCD (São Paulo, Impr.) ; 31(1): e1352, 2018. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-949203

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Background: Intracellular calcium overload is known to be a precipitating factor of pancreatic cell injury in acute pancreatitis (AP). Intracellular calcium homeostasis depends of Plasmatic Membrane Calcium ATPase (PMCA), Sarcoplasmic Endothelial Reticulum Calcium ATPase 2 (SERCA 2) and the Sodium Calcium Exchanger (NCX1). The antioxidant melatonin (Mel) and Trisulfate Disaccharide (TD) that accelerates NCX1 action could reduce the cell damage determined by the AP. Aim: To evaluate m-RNA expressions of SERCA2 and NCX1 in acute pancreatitis induced by sodium taurocholate in Wistar rats pre-treated with melatonin and/or TD. Methods: Wistar rats were divided in groups: 1) without AP; 2) AP without pre-treatment; 3) AP and Melatonin; 4) AP and TD; 5) AP and Melatonin associated to TD. Pancreatic tissue samples were collected for detection of SERCA2 and NCX1 m-R NA levels by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results: Increased m-RNA expression of SERCA2 in the melatonin treated group, without increase of m-RNA expression of the NCX1. The TD did not affect levels of SERCA2 and NCX1 m-RNA expressions. The combined melatonin and TD treatment reduced the m-RNA expression of SERCA2. Conclusions: The effect of melatonin is restricted to increased m-RNA expression of SERCA2. Although TD does not affect gene expression, its action in accelerating calcium exchanger function can explain the slightest expression of SERCA2 m-RNA when associated with Melatonin, perhaps by a joint action of drugs with different and but possibly complementary mechanisms.


RESUMO Racional: A lesão celular da pancreatite aguda (PA) envolve sobrecarga de cálcio, regulada pela atividade da Cálcio ATPase de membrana (PMCA), Cálcio ATPase do Retículo (SERCA2) e pelo Trocador Sódio Cálcio (NCX1). A melatonina (antioxidante) e o Dissacarídeo Trissulfatado (acelerador do NCX1) poderiam reduzir a lesão celular na PA. Objetivo: Avaliar a expressão do RNAm da SERCA2 e NCX1 em modelo animal de pancreatite aguda tratados com melatonina e/ou dissacarídeo trissulfatado (DT). Método: Ratos Wistar foram divididos em grupos: 1) sem pancreatite aguda; 2) com pancreatite aguda por taurocolato; 3) PA e Melatonina; 4) PA e DT; 5) PA e Melatonina com DT. Amostras de tecido foram colhidas para detecção dos níveis de RNAm da SERCA2 e NCX1 por PCR. Resultados: Houve aumento da expressão do RNAm da SERCA2 no grupo com PA tratados com Melatonina, porém sem aumento de expressão do NCX1. O DT não afetou os níveis de SERCA2 e NCX1. O tratamento conjunto com Melatonina e DT diminuiu a expressão da SERCA2. Conclusões: O efeito da Melatonina é restrito ao aumento da expressão da SERCA2. O DT não tem ação na expressão gênica, porém sua ação na aceleração do trocador na retirada do cálcio pode explicar a menor expressão da SERCA2 quando associado à Melatonina, pela ação conjunta de drogas com mecanismos diferentes e possivelmente complementares.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Pancreatitis/genetics , RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis , Sodium-Calcium Exchanger/genetics , Cytoprotection/genetics , Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Calcium-Transporting ATPases/genetics , Pancreatitis/chemically induced , Taurocholic Acid/administration & dosage , Acute Disease , Rats, Wistar , Disaccharides/pharmacology , Disease Models, Animal , Melatonin/pharmacology
5.
Arq. gastroenterol ; 54(3): 246-249, July-Sept. 2017. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-888203

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND Ischemia/reperfusion causes organ damage but it is mandatory in hepatic transplantation, trauma and other complex liver surgeries, when Pringle maneuver is applied to minimize bleeding during these procedures. It is well known that liver ischemia/reperfusion leads to microcirculatory disturbance and cellular injury. In this setting hypothermia is known to reduce oxygen demand, lowering intracellular metabolism. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of hypothermia in liver ischemia/reperfusion injury, using a new model of topic isolated liver hypothermia. METHODS We used male Wistar rats weighting about 250 grams, kept in ad libitum feeding regime and randomly divided into two groups of nine animals: 1) Normothermic group, rats were submitted to normothermic ischemia of the median and left hepatic lobes, with subsequent resection of right and caudate lobes during liver reperfusion; and 2) Hypothermic group, rats were submitted to liver ischemia under hypothermia at 10°C. Liver ischemia was performed for 45 minutes. The animals were euthanized 48 hours after liver reperfusion for blood and liver tissue sampling. RESULTS The transaminases analyses showed a significant decrease of AST and ALT in Hypothermic group (P<0.01) compared to Normothermic group (1403±1234 x 454±213 and 730±680 x 271±211 U/L, respectively). Histology showed severe necrosis in 50% and mild necrosis in 50% of cases in Normothermic group, but severe necrosis in 10% and mild or absent necrosis 90% of the cases in hypothermic group. CONCLUSION: A simplified model of liver ischemia/reperfusion that simulates orthotopic liver autotransplantion was demonstrated. Topical hypothermia of isolated hepatic lobules showed liver protection, being a viable and practical method for any kind of in vivo liver preservation study.


RESUMO CONTEXTO: A isquemia/reperfusão leva a grave lesão de órgãos, mas ocorre obrigatoriamente no transplante hepático, no trauma e em outras cirurgias hepáticas complexas, quando a manobra de Pringle é aplicada com o intuito de minimizar o sangramento durante os procedimentos. É bem conhecido que a isquemia/reperfusão do fígado leva a distúrbios microcirculatórios e lesões celulares. Neste cenário, a hipotermia é conhecida por reduzir a demanda de oxigênio, diminuindo o metabolismo intracelular. OBJETIVO: Avaliar os efeitos da hipotermia na lesão de isquemia/reperfusão hepática utilizando-se um novo modelo de hipotermia isolada do fígado. MÉTODOS: Utilizaram-se ratos Wistar do sexo masculino com peso aproximado de 250 gramas, mantidos em regime de alimentação ad libitum e divididos aleatoriamente em dois grupos de nove animais: 1) Grupo Normotérmico - os ratos foram submetidos a isquemia normotérmica dos lobos hepáticos mediano e esquerdo, com posterior ressecção dos lobos direito e caudado durante a reperfusão hepática; e 2) Grupo Hipotérmico - os ratos foram submetidos a isquemia hepática sob hipotermia a 10°C. A isquemia hepática foi realizada durante 45 minutos. Os animais foram sacrificados 48 horas após a reperfusão hepática para coleta de sangue e tecido hepático para análise. RESULTADOS: As transaminases AST e ALT apresentaram diminuição significativa no grupo Hipotérmico (P<0,01) em relação ao grupo Normotérmico (1403±1234 x 454±213 e 730±680 x 271±211 U/L, respectivamente). A histologia mostrou necrose grave em 50% e necrose leve em 50% dos casos no grupo Normotérmico, porém, necrose grave em 10% e necrose leve ou ausente em 90% dos casos no grupo Hipotérmico. CONCLUSÃO: Foi demonstrado modelo simplificado de isquemia/reperfusão do fígado que simula o autotrasplante de fígado. A hipotermia tópica dos lóbulos hepáticos isolados mostrou proteção do fígado a ischemia/reperfusão, sendo um método viável e prático para qualquer tipo de estudo de preservação hepática in vivo.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Reperfusion Injury/complications , Liver Failure, Acute/prevention & control , Hypothermia, Induced , Aspartate Aminotransferases/blood , Severity of Illness Index , Reperfusion Injury/pathology , Rats, Wistar , Liver Failure, Acute/etiology , Liver Failure, Acute/pathology , Alanine Transaminase/blood , Disease Models, Animal , Necrosis
6.
Clinics ; 72(4): 238-243, Apr. 2017. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-840061

ABSTRACT

Among the innovations for the treatment of type 1 diabetes, islet transplantation is a less invasive method of treatment, although it is still in development. One of the greatest barriers to this technique is the low number of pancreas donors and the low number of pancreases that are available for transplantation. Rodent models have been chosen in most studies of islet rejection and type 1 diabetes prevention to evaluate the quality and function of isolated human islets and to identify alternative solutions to the problem of islet scarcity. The purpose of this study is to conduct a review of islet xenotransplantation experiments from humans to rodents, to organize and analyze the parameters of these experiments, to describe trends in experimental modeling and to assess the viability of this procedure. In this study, we reviewed recently published research regarding islet xenotransplantation from humans to rodents, and we summarized the findings and organized the relevant data. The included studies were recent reports that involved xenotransplantation using human islets in a rodent model. We excluded the studies that related to isotransplantation, autotransplantation and allotransplantation. A total of 34 studies that related to xenotransplantation were selected for review based on their relevance and current data. Advances in the use of different graft sites may overcome autoimmunity and rejection after transplantation, which may solve the problem of the scarcity of islet donors in patients with type 1 diabetes.


Subject(s)
Humans , Animals , Islets of Langerhans Transplantation/methods , Latent Autoimmune Diabetes in Adults/surgery , Models, Animal , Transplantation, Heterologous/methods , Graft Survival , Islets of Langerhans Transplantation/statistics & numerical data , Islets of Langerhans Transplantation/trends , Mice, Inbred C57BL/surgery , Rodentia , Transplantation, Heterologous/statistics & numerical data , Transplantation, Heterologous/trends
7.
Acta cir. bras ; 30(11): 749-755, Nov. 2015. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-767602

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To evaluate the underlying mechanisms by which sevoflurane protects the liver against ischemia/reperfusion injury evaluate the mechanism by which sevoflurane exerts this protective effect. METHODS: Twenty-six rats were subjected to partial ischemia/reperfusion injury for 1h: one group received no treatment, one group received sevoflurane, and sham group of animals received laparotomy only. Four hours after reperfusion, levels of alanine and aspartate aminotransferases, tumor necrosis factor-a, and interleukins 6 and 10 were measured. Analyses of mitochondrial oxidation and phosphorylation, malondialdehyde content, histology, and pulmonary vascular permeability were performed. RESULTS: Serum levels of alanine and aspartate aminotransferases were significantly lower in the sevoflurane group compared to untreated controls (p<0.05). The sevoflurane group also showed preservation of liver mitochondrial function compared to untreated controls (p<0.05). Sevoflurane administration did not alter increases in serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-a, and interleukins 6 and 10. Sevoflurane treatment significantly reduced the coagulative necrosis induced by ischemia/reperfusion (p<0.05). Pulmonary vascular permeability was preserved in the sevoflurane group compared to untreated controls. CONCLUSION: Sevoflurane administration protects the liver against ischemia/reperfusion injury, via preservation of mitochondrial function, and also preserves lung vascular permeability.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Anesthetics, Inhalation/pharmacology , Ischemia/prevention & control , Liver/blood supply , Methyl Ethers/pharmacology , Mitochondria, Liver/drug effects , Reperfusion Injury/prevention & control , Alanine Transaminase/blood , Aspartate Aminotransferases/blood , Capillary Permeability/drug effects , Cytokines/blood , Ischemia/pathology , Lipid Peroxidation , Liver/pathology , Mitochondria, Liver/physiology , Necrosis , Phosphorylation , Rats, Wistar , Reproducibility of Results , Reperfusion Injury/pathology , Time Factors
8.
Acta cir. bras ; 30(2): 100-106, 02/2015. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-741021

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To evaluate which is the best route of administration for cell therapy in experimental rat model of small-for size syndrome. METHODS: A total of 40 rats underwent partial hepatectomy (70%) that induces the small-for-size syndrome and were divided into four groups of route administration: intravenous, intraperitoneal, enteral and tracheal. The small-for-size syndrome model was designed with extended partial hepatectomy (70%). The animals were divided into four groups of routes administration: intravenous (n=10) - intravenously through the dorsal vein of the penis; intraperitoneal (n=10) - intraperitoneally in the abdominal cavity; enteral (n=10) - oroenteral with the placement of a number 4 urethral probe and maintained at third duodenal portion; tracheal (n=10) - after tracheal intubation. We track the animals and monitor them for 21 days; during this follow-up we evaluated the result of cell therapy application tracking animals using ultrasound, radiography and PET-scan. Statistical analysis was performed using GraphPad Prism Software(r). Differences were considered significant with the p<0.05. Data are presented as the median and variation for continuous variables. Comparisons between groups were made using analysis of the imaging test by the researchers. RESULTS: All four groups underwent partial hepatectomy of 70% liver tissue targeting the same weight of resected liver. Initially the PET-scan tests showed similarity in administered cells by different routes. However, in few days the route of intravenous administration showed to be the most appropriated to lead cells to the liver followed by enteral. The tracheal and peritoneal routes were not as much successful for this goal. CONCLUSION: The intravenous route is the best one to cell therapy in experimental rat model of small-for size-syndrome. .


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Disease Models, Animal , Drug Administration Routes , Liver Diseases/therapy , Liver Regeneration/physiology , Stem Cell Transplantation/methods , Cell- and Tissue-Based Therapy/methods , Hepatectomy , Liver Transplantation/adverse effects , Liver/chemistry , Organ Size , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Reproducibility of Results , Syndrome , Time Factors
9.
Arq. gastroenterol ; 51(3): 240-249, Jul-Sep/2014. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-723861

ABSTRACT

Context Biliary strictures after liver transplantation are recognized as its Achilles’ heel. The strictures are classified in anastomotic and ischemic or non-anastomotic biliary strictures, and they figure among the most common complications after liver transplantation. There are some treatment options including balloon dilation, the placement of multiple plastic stents and the placement of self-expandable metal stents and all of them seem to have good results. Objectives The aim of this study was to systematically review the literature concerning the results of the endoscopic treatment of anastomotic biliary strictures after liver transplantation. Methods A systematic review of the literature was performed on the management of anastomotic biliary strictures post- orthotopic liver transplantation. The Medline-PubMed, EMBASE, Scielo-LILACS, and Cochrane Databases were electronically searched from January 1966 to April 2013. Results No well-designed randomized controlled trial was found. Most studies were retrospective or prospective comparisons in design. One study (86 patients) compared the endoscopic and the percutaneous accesses. The sustained clinical success rates were similar but the treatment duration was longer in the percutaneous group access. Two studies (56 patients) compared balloon dilation with balloon dilation and multiple plastic stents. There were no differences concerning sustained clinical success and complication rates. Conclusions Balloon dilation is as effective as balloon dilation plus multiple plastic stenting for the resolution of the anastomotic biliary strictures. Well-designed randomized trials are still needed to compare balloon dilation versus multiple plastic stenting versus metallic stenting. .


Contexto A estenose biliar figura como uma das complicações mais frequentes pós-transplante hepático. São classificadas em anastomóticas e não anastomóticas, sendo estas últimas geralmente isquêmicas. Dentre as várias opções de tratamento, destacam-se a dilatação balonada, a colocação de próteses plásticas e a colocação de próteses metálicas autoexpansíveis, que podem ser realizadas tanto por via endoscópica, como por via percutânea. Não há consenso quanto ao melhor tratamento para a estenose da anastomose biliar. Objetivos O objetivo deste estudo foi realizar revisão sistemática da literatura sobre o resultado do tratamento endoscópico da estenose da anastomose biliar após transplante hepático. Métodos Revisão sistemática da literatura foi realizada sobre o tratamento da estenose da anastomose biliar pós transplante hepático, através do acesso aos bancos de dados pesquisados eletronicamente: Medline - PubMed, EMBASE, Scielo- Lilacs, Cochrane de janeiro de 1966 a abril de 2013. Resultados Não foi encontrado estudo clinico controlado e randomizado. A maioria dos estudos são comparativos retrospectivos ou prospectivos. Um estudo (86 pacientes) avaliou o acesso endoscópico e percutâneo. As taxas de sucesso clínico sustentados foram semelhantes, mas a duração do tratamento foi maior no grupo de acesso percutâneo. Dois estudos (56 pacientes) compararam a dilatação por balão com dilatação por balão e múltiplas próteses plásticas. Não houve diferenças em relação as taxas de sucesso e de complicações clínicas sustentadas. Conclusões A dilatação com balão é tão eficaz quanto a dilatação ...


Subject(s)
Humans , Biliary Tract Diseases/etiology , Biliary Tract Diseases/surgery , Endoscopy, Digestive System/methods , Liver Transplantation/adverse effects , Constriction, Pathologic/surgery
11.
Acta cir. bras ; 29(supl.2): 61-66, 2014. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-721378

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To analyze the role of hyperbaric oxygen therapy as hepatic preconditioning in rats submitted to hepatic ischemia and reperfusion. METHODS: Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups: SHAM, rats submitted to surgical stress without hepatic ischemia and reperfusion, I/R, rats submitted to total hepatic pedicle ischemia for 30 min, followed by 5 min of reperfusion; HBOI/R, rats submitted to 60 minutes of hyperbaric oxygen therapy at 2 atm and immediately submitted to the experimental protocol of ischemia and reperfusion. Liver function was assessed by measuring serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase, as well as mitochondrial function by determining states 3 and 4 of mitochondrial respiration, respiratory control rate and mitochondrial permeability transition (mitochondrial swelling). The results were analyzed by the Mann-Whitney test and all P-values <0.05 were considered significant. RESULTS: There were significant differences in serum aspartate aminotransferase values in groups SHAM vs. HBOI/R, I/R vs HBOI/R, alanine aminotranferase in groups SHAM and I/R; State 3 in SHAM groups vs. I/R, SHAM vs. HBOI/R, State 4 in I/R vs HBOI/R groups, respiratory control rate in SHAM vs I/R groups; mitochondrial swelling in SHAM vs. I/R groups, and SHAM vs HBOI/R. CONCLUSION: Hyperbaric preconditioning improved hepatic mitochondrial function and decreased serum markers of liver injury in the ischemia and reperfusion process. .


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Hyperbaric Oxygenation/methods , Ischemic Preconditioning/methods , Liver/blood supply , Mitochondria, Liver/physiology , Reperfusion Injury/prevention & control , Alanine Transaminase/blood , Aspartate Aminotransferases/blood , Cell Respiration , Liver/physiology , Oxygen Consumption , Random Allocation , Rats, Wistar , Reproducibility of Results , Time Factors , Treatment Outcome
12.
ABCD (São Paulo, Impr.) ; 26(4): 293-295, nov.-dez. 2013. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-701251

ABSTRACT

RACIONAL: A síndrome hepatopulmonar é formada por tríade clínica composta de doença hepática, dilatação vascular intrapulmonar e alterações de gases sanguíneos. Sua patogênese não é bem definida, mas especula-se que uma combinação de fatores, tais como o desequilíbrio das respostas dos receptores de endotelina, remodelação microvascular pulmonar e predisposição genética, leva à translocação bacteriana e dilatação vascular intrapulmonar. OBJETIVO: Avaliar a atividade da mieloperoxidase em modelo experimental de síndrome hepatopulmonar em ratos. MÉTODO: Foram estudados 29 animais divididos em grupos controle, sham e experimental de síndrome hepatopulmonar. O modelo experimental utilizado para induzir a síndrome foi a ligadura de ducto biliar comum. RESULTADOS: Os níveis de mieloperoxidase foram significativamente maiores no grupo ligadura de ducto biliar comum em comparação com os outros grupos. A atividade da mieloperoxidase foi maior no grupo ligadura de ducto biliar comum que o grupo controle (p<0,05) e do grupo sham (p<0,05). CONCLUSÃO: A atividade da mieloperoxidase estava aumentada na síndrome hepatopulmonar experimentais em ratos.


BACKGROUND: Hepatopulmonary syndrome is formed by a triad of liver disease, intrapulmonary vascular dilatation and changes in blood gases. Its pathogenesis is not well defined, but it is speculated that a combination of factors, such as the imbalance of endothelin receptor responses, pulmonary microvascular remodeling, and genetic predisposition, leads to bacterial translocation and intrapulmonary vascular dilatation. AIM: To evaluate the myeloperoxidase activity in hepatopulmonary syndrome in rat model. METHOD: Twenty-nine rats were divided into control, sham and experimental hepatopulmonary syndrome groups. Was evaluated the myeloperoxidase activity and the experimental model used to induce hepatopulmonary syndrome was common bile duct ligation. RESULTS: The myeloperoxidase activity levels were significantly increased in the common bile duct ligation group as compared with the other groups. Myeloperoxidase activity was higher in the common bile duct ligation group than control group (p<0.05) and than sham group (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: The myeloperoxidase activity is increased in experimental hepatopulmonary syndrome in rats.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Hepatopulmonary Syndrome/enzymology , Peroxidase/metabolism , Rats, Wistar
13.
ABCD (São Paulo, Impr.) ; 26(4): 324-327, nov.-dez. 2013. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-701257

ABSTRACT

INTRODUÇÃO: O escore para modelo de doença terminal do fígado (MELD) introduzido em 2002 foi criado para melhorar a seleção de pacientes que estavam morrendo na lista de espera para o transplante de fígado. OBJETIVO: Avaliar a sobrevida precoce dos pacientes submetidos ao transplante de fígado quando o MELD é aplicado como critério de seleção. MÉTODOS: Foi realizada revisão "online" na base de dados PubMed/Medline/Scielo. Os termos utilizados foram transplante de fígado e/ou MELD e/ou análise de sobrevida no período de 2002 a 2009. Entre 124 artigos analisados, 94 foram excluídos devido a irrelevância do assunto e a falta de dados. Foram considerados L1, L2A e MELD>20 os pacientes mais afetados; L2B; L3 e MELD<20 os mais saudáveis. Foram compilados os dados dos pacientes transplantados, sobrevida de um ano, correlacionando-se os achados com MELD e as sobrevidas da era pré-MELD. RESULTADOS: O MELD foi aplicado principalmente em pacientes dos Estados Unidos e Europa com escore variando de 8,4 a 30. A sobrevida de um ano variou de 66,5 a 92%. A sobrevida de um ano antes e depois da era MELD mostrou: Grupo I (L1 e L2A) x Grupo III (MELD>20) com significância (p< 0,0001); Grupo II (L2B e L3) x Grupo IV (MELD<20) não significante. Também foi comparada a sobrevida média dos pacientes em um ano por países na era MELD. CONCLUSÃO: O escore MELD melhorou significativamente a sobrevida dos pacientes a curto prazo, principalmente naqueles considerados mais doentes na lista de espera para o transplante de fígado. Por outro lado não houve impacto naqueles considerados mais saudáveis da lista de espera.


INTRODUCTION: The Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) score introduced in 2002 has come to improve selection of patients dying in the liver transplantation waiting list. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the short-term survival in liver transplantation around the world when MELD score was applied as selection criteria. METHODS - A review has been done at the online database PubMed/ Medline/Scielo. The expressions applied for the search were "liver transplantation and/or MELD and/or survival analysis" from 2002 to 2009. Among the 124 analyzed articles, 94 were excluded due to irrelevance of the subject and lack of information. Were considered L1, L2A and MELD>20 the sickest patient; L2B, L3 and MELD< 20 the healthiest. Was compiled the data of transplanted patients, their one-year survival rate related to MELD score and compare it with pre-MELD era. RESULTS: MELD score has been applied, mainly in America and Europe patients, range from 8.4 to 30. One-year survival ranged from 66.5 to 92%. Analysis of patient survival rate significance between the pre-MELD and post-MELD era showed: Group I (L1 and L2A) x Group III (MELD>20), significant (p<0,0001); Group II (L2B and L3) x Group IV(MELD<20), not significant. Also, comparative one-year survival by country in the MELD era was search. CONCLUSION: The MELD score have significantly improved short-term survival for the sickest patient on the waiting list for liver transplantation; additionally, it does not have any significant impact in survival for the healthiest patient.


Subject(s)
Humans , End Stage Liver Disease/surgery , Liver Transplantation , Patient Selection , Severity of Illness Index , Survival Rate , Time Factors
14.
Arq. gastroenterol ; 49(3): 189-194, July-Sept. 2012. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-649286

ABSTRACT

CONTEXT: Orthotopic liver transplantation is an excellent treatment approach for hepatocellular carcinoma in well-selected candidates. Nowadays some institutions tend to Expand the Milan Criteria including tumor with more than 5 cm and also associate with multiple tumors none larger than 3 cm in order to benefit more patients with the orthotopic liver transplantation. METHODS: The data collected were based on the online database PubMED. The key words applied on the search were "expanded Milan criteria" limited to the period from 2000 to 2009. We excluded 19 papers due to: irrelevance of the subject, lack of information and incompatibility of the language (English only). We compiled patient survival and tumor recurrence free rate from 1 to 5-years in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma submitted to orthotopic liver transplantation according to expanded the Milan criteria from different centers. RESULTS: Review compiled data from 23 articles. Fourteen different criteria were found and they are also described in detail, however the University of California - San Francisco was the most studied one among them. CONCLUSION: Expanded the Milan criteria is a useful attempt for widening the preexistent protocol for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma in waiting-list for orthotopic liver transplantation. However there is no significant difference in patient survival rate and tumor recurrence free rate from those patients that followed the Milan criteria.


CONTEXTO: Em pacientes bem selecionados, o transplante ortotópico de fígado é um excelente tratamento para pacientes com carcinoma hepatocelular. Algumas instituições atualmente tendem a expandir os critérios de Milão. São os chamados Critérios de Milão Expandidos, que incluem tumores maiores do que 5 cm e também aqueles associados com múltiplos tumores, não maiores do que 3 cm, a fim de beneficiar o maior número possível de pacientes submetidos ao transplante ortotópico de fígado. MÉTODOS: Os dados foram coletados na base de dados do PubMED. A palavra-chave para procura foi Critérios de Milão expandidos, no período de 2000 a 2009. Foram excluídos 19 trabalhos devido à falta de dados de sobrevida e à recurrência tumoral, não compatíveis com a língua inglesa e fora do assunto em questão. Foram analisadas a sobrevida do paciente e a taxa de recurrência do tumor de 1 a 5 anos de pacientes submetidos ao transplante hepático com critérios de Milão expandidos em diferentes centros internacionais. RESULTADOS: Esta revisão agregou 23 trabalhos. Catorze diferentes critérios foram encontrados e descritos em detalhes. No entanto, os critérios da Universidade da Califórnia em São Francisco foram os mais estudados entre todos os analisados. CONCLUSÃO: Os Critérios de Milão Expandidos são úteis para ampliar os protocolos para adesão de doentes na lista de espera para transplante de fígado, não havendo diferença significante na sobrevida do doente e nem na taxa livre de recurrência tumoral quando comparados aos critérios de Milão.


Subject(s)
Humans , Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/surgery , Liver Transplantation , Liver Neoplasms/surgery , Patient Selection , Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/mortality , Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/pathology , Liver Neoplasms/mortality , Liver Neoplasms/pathology , Neoplasm Recurrence, Local
15.
Acta cir. bras ; 27(8): 589-594, Aug. 2012. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-643630

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To present a review about a comparative study of bile duct ligation versus carbon tetrachloride Injection for inducing experimental liver cirrhosis. METHODS: This research was made through Medline/PubMed and SciELO web sites looking for papers on the content "induction of liver cirrhosis in rats". We have found 107 articles but only 30 were selected from 2004 to 2011. RESULTS: The most common methods used for inducing liver cirrhosis in the rat were administration of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) and bile duct ligation (BDL). CCl4 has induced cirrhosis from 36 hours to 18 weeks after injection and BDL from seven days to four weeks after surgery. CONCLUSION: For a safer inducing cirrhosis method BDL is better than CCl4 because of the absence of toxicity for researches and shorter time for achieving it.


OBJETIVO: Apresentar revisão sobre estudo comparativo da indução de cirrose hepática (CH) experimental com a injeção de tetra-cloreto de carbono (CCl4) comparado à ligadura do ducto biliar (BDL). MÉTODOS: A pesquisa foi realizada nas bases de dados do Medline/PubMed e SciELO procurando trabalhos com as palavras indução de CH e ratos. Foram encontrados 107 artigos, mas somente 30 foram selecionados no período de 2004 à 2011. RESULTADOS: Os procedimentos mais comum para indução de CH em ratos foram a injeção de CCl4 e a BDL. O CCl4 induzia CH no período de 36 horas após a injeção e a DBL de sete dias à quatro semanas após a cirurgia. CONCLUSÃO: A BDL é o método mais seguro para indução de CH quando comparado a injeção de CCl4 pela ausência de toxicidade para os pesquisadores e o menor tempo para se obter a lesão hepática.


Subject(s)
Animals , Rats , Bile Ducts/surgery , Carbon Tetrachloride/toxicity , Liver Cirrhosis, Experimental/chemically induced , Liver Cirrhosis, Experimental/surgery , Ligation , Time Factors
17.
Rev. med. (Säo Paulo) ; 91(2): 110-116, abr.-jun. 2012.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-747353

ABSTRACT

Background: Acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) usually occurs by 8 weeks after liver transplantation (LT) usually is an uncommon complication but has both high mortality and major diagnostic challenge in addition most of them are associated with resistance to steroid therapy. Objective: Discuss the pathogenesis, treatment and long-term results of Acute Graft versus Host Disease after Liver Transplantation. Methods: A PubMed search was performed to identify all reported cases of GVHD following LT. The medical subject heading GVHD disease was used in combination with LT, including adults (19 + years) and children. The bibliographies of the articles found though PubMed were then searched for further reports of GVHD. Results: We reviewed 102 cases of acute GVHD, 96 (94.1%) adults and 6 (5.8%) children. After treatment 24 (25%) adults and 3 (50%) children were alive only. As faras the treatment of GVHD is concern the therapy used in adults and in children patients was respectively : anti-thymocyte globulin + prednisolone – 19 (19.5%); interleukin-2 receptor blocker – 17 (17.5%); OKT3 – 12 (12.3%); cyclosporine – 9 (9,2% ); others – 39 (40.2%) and in children anti-thymocyte globulin – 1 (20%);anti-thymocyte globulin + prednisolone – 1 (20%); prednisolone – 1 (20%); anti-thymocyte globulin + prednisolone + interleukin-2 receptor blocker-1 (20%); not mentioned – 1.There was no standard treatment of acute GVHD for both children and adults. Conclusion: Although acute GVHD following LT is rare complication and mortality is still very high, there is no consensus for the treatment ofsteroid-refractory forms. Further researches are needed to providenew approach for treating effectively such condition.


Introdução: A forma aguda da doença do enxerto contra o hospedeiro ocorre geralmente até oito semanas após o transplante de fígado, é rara, porém tem mortalidade alta e constitui-se emum grande desafio terapêutico principalmente naqueles casos quesão resistentes ao tratamento com corticóides. Objetivo: Discutir a patogênese, tratamento e resultados a longo prazo da Forma Aguda da Doença Enxerto contra o Hospedeiro após Transplante de Fígado. Métodos: Fizemos uma pesquisa na base de dados do PubMed procurando identificar todos os casos de doença Enxerto contra o Hospedeiro após Transplante de Fígado incluindo adultos com mais de 19 anos e crianças. Resultados: Revisamos 102 casos desta doença e encontramos 96 (94,1%) adultos e 6 (5,8%) crianças. Após o tratamento, 24 (25%) adultos e 3 (50%) crianças estavam vivos. Com relação ao tratamento da doença do enxerto contra o hospedeiro em adultos e crianças encontramos respectivamente: globulina anti-timocítica + prednisolona – 19 (19,5%); bloqueador do receptor da interleucina 2 – 17 (17,5%); OKT3 – 12 (12,3%); ciclosporina – 9 (9,2%); outros – 39 (40,2%) e em crianças globulina anti-timocítica – 1 (20%); globulina antitimocítica + prednisolona – 1 (20%); prednisolona – 1 (20%); globulina anti-timocítica + prednisolona + bloqueador do receptor da interleucina 2 -1 (20%); não mencionado – 1. Conclusão: Pesquisas devem ser aprofundadas nos mecanismos que desencadeiam esta patologia. Não existe consenso para o tratamento da doença do enxerto contra o hospedeiro após o transplante de fígado naqueles doentes que são refratários ao uso de esteróides.


Subject(s)
Humans , Child, Preschool , Middle Aged , Graft vs Host Disease/etiology , Graft vs Host Disease/therapy , Steroids/therapeutic use , Liver Transplantation
18.
Rev. med. (Säo Paulo) ; 91(2): 120-124, abr.-jun. 2012. ilus, tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-747355

ABSTRACT

Background: Orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) remains an excellent treatment approach for HCC in well-selected candidates. Milan Criteria (MC) (a single tumor up to 5cm or up to 3 tumors none larger than 3.0 cm) is the most widely used criteria for selection of those patients. Our aim is to study the current situation of the MC focusing on patient survival and tumor recurrence free rate from 1 to 5-yrs after OLT over the past 10 years. Material and Methods: We have reviewed 59 papers published between2000-2009; from Asia (42.3%), Europe (33.9%) and North America (20.4%). 5.525 patients have undergone OLT within MC. The overall patient survival rate and tumor recurrence free rate from 1 to 5-yrs were analyzed. Results: Overall patient survival rates were 1 year (87.26%), 2 years (81.95%), 3 years (77.47%), 4 years (75.24%) and 5 years (72.41%). We have found tumor recurrence free rate of 80.29% and 71.36% at 1 and 5-yrs, respectively. Conclusion: MC has come to simplify the indication for LT in patients with HCC. The best patient survival rate at 1 and 5 years were in North America (88%) and Asia (76,6%), respectively. On the other hand, Europe had the best tumor recurrence free rate at 5 years (91.8%).


Introdução: O transplante de fígado (TF) continua sendo o melhor tratamento para pacientes, bem selecionados, portadores de carcinoma hepatocelular. Os critérios de Milão (CM) ( tumor único até 5 cm e 3 tumores não maiores que 3 cms) são os critérios mais usados para estes pacientes. Nosso objetivo é avaliar a situação atual dos CM principalmente a sobrevida do paciente e a taxa livre de recorrência tumoral após 1 a 5 anos do TF, nos últimos 10 anos. Material e Métodos: Revisamos 59 trabalhos entre200-2009; da Asia (42,3%), Europa (33,9%) e da América do Norte (20,4%). 5.525 pacientes submeteram-se ao TF com os CM. A sobrevida total dos pacientes e a taxa livre de recorrência tumoral foram analisados. Resultados: A taxa de sobrevida total dos pacientes foi em 1 ano de (87,26%), 2 anos (81,95%), 3 anos (77,47%), 4 anos (75,24%) e 5 anos (72,41%). A taxa livre de recorrência tumoral foi de 80,29% e 71,36% em 1 e 5 anos, respectivamente. Conclusão: A melhor taxa de sobrevida dos pacientes foi na América do Norte (88%) e na Asia (76,6%), respectivamente. Por outro lado, a Europa teve a melhor taxa livre de recorrência de doença em 5 anos (91,8%).


Subject(s)
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/therapy , Follow-Up Studies , Liver Transplantation/standards
19.
Acta cir. bras ; 26(6): 496-502, Nov.-Dec. 2011. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-604200

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To investigate the clinical evolution of orthotopic small bowel transplantation in outbred rats. METHODS: Seventy-two outbred Wistar rats weighting from 250 to 300g were used as donor and recipient in 36 consecutives ortothopic small intestine transplantation without immunosuppression. The graft was transplanted into the recipient using end-to-side aortic and portacaval microvascular anastomosis. Procedure duration, animal clinical course and survival were evaluated. Survival shorter than four days was considered technical failure. Recipients were sacrificed with signs of severe graft rejection or survival longer than 120 days. Necropsies were performed in all recipients to access histopathological changes in the graft. RESULTS: Median time for the procedure was 107 minutes. Six recipients (16.7 percent) presented technical failure. Twenty-seven recipients were sacrificed due to rejection, being nineteen (52.7 percent) between 7th and 15th postoperative day and eight (22.2 percent) between 34th and 47th postoperative day. Graft histology confirmed severe acute cellular rejection in those recipients. Uneventful evolution and survival longer than 120 days without rejection were observed in three recipients (8.3 percent). CONCLUSION: Intestinal transplantation in outbred rats without immunosuppressant regiment accomplishes variable clinical evolution.


OBJETIVO: Investigar a evolução clínica do transplante de intestino delgado ortotópico em ratos não-isogênicos. MÉTODOS: Setenta e dois ratos Wistar não-isogênicos, com peso variando entre 250 e 300g, foram utilizados como doadores e receptores em 36 transplantes ortotópicos de intestino delgado sem regime de imunossupressão. Os enxertos foram implantados nos receptores por meio de anastomose microvascular término-lateral aorta-aorta e porto-cava. A duração do procedimento, evolução clínica dos animais e sobrevida foram avaliados. Sobrevida menor que quatro dias foi considerada falha técnica. Os receptores foram sacrificados quando apresentaram sinais de rejeição grave do enxerto ou sobrevida maior que 120 dias. Necropsias foram realizadas em todos os receptores para avaliar alterações histopatológicas no enxerto. RESULTADOS: O tempo médio para o procedimento foi de 107 minutos. Seis receptores (16,7 por cento) apresentaram falha técnica Vinte e sete receptores (75 por cento) foram sacrificados por rejeição sendo dezenove (52,7 por cento) entre o 7º e 15º dia de pós-operatório e oito (22,2 por cento) entre o 34º e 47º. Análise histopatológica confirmou rejeição celular aguda severa nesses recipientes. Evolução sem complicações e sobrevida maior que 120 dias sem sinais de rejeição foi observada em três receptores (8,3 por cento). CONCLUSÃO: O transplante de intestino delgado ortotópico em ratos Wistar não-isogênicos sem regime de imunossupressão apresenta evolução clínica variada.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Graft Rejection/pathology , Intestine, Small/transplantation , Acute Disease , Graft Rejection/mortality , Intestine, Small/pathology , Models, Animal , Rats, Wistar/classification , Severity of Illness Index , Time Factors
20.
Arq. gastroenterol ; 48(2): 146-152, Apr.-June 2011. graf, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-591165

ABSTRACT

CONTEXT: Diabetes mellitus type I affects around 240 million people in the world and only in the USA 7.8 percent of the population. It has been estimated that the costs of its complications account for 5 percent to 10 percent of the total healthcare spending around the world. According to World Health Organization, 300 million people are expected to develop diabetes mellitus by the year 2025. The pancreatic islet transplantation is expected to be less invasive than a pancreas transplant, which is currently the most commonly used approach. OBJECTIVES: To compare the encapsulated and free islet transplantation in rodents looking at sites of islet implantation, number of injected islets, viability and immunosuppression. METHODS: A literature search was conducted using MEDLINE/PUBMED and SCIELO with terms about islet transplantation in the rodent from 2000 to 2010. We found 2,636 articles but only 56 articles from 2000 to 2010 were selected. RESULTS: In these 56 articles used, 34 percent were encapsulated and 66 percent were nonencapsulated islets. Analyzing both types of islets transplantation, the majority of the encapsulated islets were implanted into the peritoneal cavity and the nonencapsulated islets into the liver, through the portal vein. In addition, the great advantage of the peritoneal cavity as the site of islet transplantation is its blood supply. Both vascular endothelial cells and vascular endothelial growth factor were used to stimulate angiogenesis of the islet grafts, increasing the vascularization rapidly after implantation. It also has been proven that there is influence of the capsules, since the larger the capsule more chances there are of central necrosis. In some articles, the use of immunosuppression demonstrated to increase the life expectancy of the graft. CONCLUSION: While significant progress has been made in the islets transplantation field, many obstacles remain to be overcome. Microencapsulation provides a means to transplant islets without immunosuppressive agents and may enable the performance of xenotransplantation. The use of alternative donor sources, fewer islets per capsule and the appropriate deployment location, such as the peritoneal cavity, may give a future perspective to the application of immunoprotective capsules and viability in clinical practice. A variety of strategies, such as genetic engineering, co-encapsulation, improvement in oxygen supply or the establishment of hypoxia resistance will also improve the islet transplantation performance. It remains to be determined which combination of strategies with encapsulation can fulfill the promise of establishing a simple and safe transplantation as a cure for diabetes.


CONTEXTO: Diabetes mellitus tipo I afeta cerca de 240 milhões de pessoas no mundo e 7,8 por cento só nos EUA. Foi estimado que o custo de suas complicações fosse de 5 por cento-10 por cento dos custos mundiais em saúde. De acordo com a OMS (Organização Mundial de Saúde), espera-se que cerca de 300 milhões de pessoas desenvolvam o diabetes mellitus até o ano de 2025. É esperado que o transplante de ilhotas pancreáticas seja menos invasivo que o transplante pancreático, opção atual de maior uso. OBJETIVOS: Comparar as ilhotas encapsuladas e as ilhotas livres em roedores nos seguintes aspectos: local de implantação das ilhotas, número de ilhotas, viabilidade e imunossupressão. MÉTODOS: A pesquisa bibliográfica foi conduzida com o uso de citações do MEDLINE/PUBMED e SCIELO que apresentassem termos sobre transplante de ilhotas em roedores no período de 2000 a 2010. Foram achados 2.636 artigos, mas somente 56 desse período foram selecionados. RESULTADOS: Nos 56 artigos utilizados, 34 por cento eram encapsulados e 66 por cento eram não-encapsulados. Analisando ambos os tipos de transplante de ilhotas, a maioria delas encapsuladas, foi implantada na cavidade peritonial e as não-encapsuladas, através da veia porta, no fígado. A grande vantagem da cavidade peritonial como local de transplante era a oferta sanguínea. As células endoteliais e o fator de crescimento endotelial foram usados para estimular a angiogênese nas ilhotas, aumentando a vascularização rapidamente após a implantação. Foi também provada a influência das cápsulas, dado que quanto maior a cápsula maior era a chance de necrose central. Em alguns artigos, o uso de imunossupressão demonstrou aumento da expectativa de vida do enxerto. CONCLUSÃO: Enquanto algum progresso significativo não tenha sido obtido no campo de transplante de ilhotas, restam ainda muitos obstáculos a serem vencidos. A microencapsulação viabiliza o transplante de ilhotas sem o uso de imunossupressores, o que pode permitir o xenotransplante. O uso de fontes doadoras alternativas, menor quantidade de ilhotas por cápsula e local de implantação adequado, como a cavidade peritonial, podem dar melhor perspectiva na aplicação de cápsulas imunoprotegidas, aumentando viabilidade na prática clínica. Uma série de estratégias, como engenharia genética, coencapsulamento, melhora da oferta de oxigênio ou o estabelecimento de resistência à hipóxia também podem aprimorar os resultados do transplante de ilhotas. Deve-se determinar ainda qual a combinação de estratégias com relação ao uso de ilhotas encapsuladas que possam cumprir com as promessas de um transplante simples e seguro para a cura do diabetes.


Subject(s)
Animals , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/surgery , Islets of Langerhans Transplantation/methods , Graft Rejection/prevention & control , Rodentia
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